Uma Maheswaran: திருத்தங்களுக்கு இடையிலான வேறுபாடு

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Uma Maheswaran (மூலத்தை காட்டு)

16:39, 28 திசம்பர் 2023 இல் நிலவும் திருத்தம்

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==Early life==
==Early life==
Maheswaran was born on 18 February 1945 and was from [[Varuthalaivilan]] near [[Tellippalai]] in northern [[Sri Lanka]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Schalk|first=Peter|title=The Revival of Martyr Cults among Ilavar|url=http://tamilnation.co/ideology/schalk03.htm|publisher=Tamil Nation}}</ref><ref name=Rajasingham>{{cite book|last=Rajasingham|first=K. T.|title=Sri Lanka: The Untold Story|url=http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DB02Df03.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020416074026/http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DB02Df03.html|url-status=unfit|archive-date=2002-04-16|chapter=Chapter 25: War or peace?}}</ref> He worked for the government as a surveyor.<ref name=Rajasingham/><ref name=Wilson>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=A. Jeyaratnam|title=Sri Lankan Tamil Nationalism: Its Origins and Development in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries|year=2000|publisher=[[C. Hurst & Co.]]|isbn=1-85065-519-7|page=127|authorlink=A. Jeyaratnam Wilson|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5AQcVvbHzdcC}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=A. Jeyaratnam|title=The Break-up of Sri Lanka: The Sinhalese-Tamil Conflict|year=1988|publisher=[[C. Hurst & Co.]]|isbn=1-85065-033-0|page=217|authorlink=A. Jeyaratnam Wilson|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5kfK34Y7mYkC}}</ref>
Maheswaran was born on 18 February 1945 and was from [[Varuthalaivilan]] near [[Tellippalai]] in northern [[Sri Lanka]]. He worked for the government as a surveyor.


==LTTE==
==LTTE==
Maheswaran joined the militant [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]] (LTTE) in 1977.<ref name=TN>{{cite web|title=Early Tamil Militancy|url=http://www.tamilnation.co/tamileelam/armedstruggle/earlymilitancy.htm|publisher=Tamil Nation}}</ref> The LTTE gave him the [[nom de guerre]] Mukundan.<ref name=TN/> He was chairman of the LTTE's central committee from 1977 to 1980.<ref name=Wilson/> He received military training in [[Lebanon]] and [[Syria]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Jain Commission Interim Report: Growth of Sri Lankan Tamil Militancy in Tamil Nadu Background - Sections 5 to 13|url=http://tamilnation.co/intframe/india/jaincommission/growth_of_tamil_militancy/bgsec2.html|work=Tamil Nation}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Perera|first1=K. K. S.|title=25 years on: Aborted coup in the Maldives - Liberators turn Mercenaries in Male|url=http://www.nation.lk/edition/news-features/item/22409-25-years-on-aborted-coup-in-the-maldives-liberators-turn-mercenaries-in-male.html|work=[[The Nation (Sri Lanka)|The Nation]]|date=3 November 2013}}</ref> Maheswaran and LTTE leader [[V. Prabhakaran]] were blamed for the shooting of MP [[M. Canagaratnam]] on 24 January 1978.<ref name=Rajasingham/><ref>{{cite book|last=Rajasingham|first=K. T.|title=Sri Lanka: The Untold Story|url=http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DB16Df06.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020622185747/http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DB16Df06.html|url-status=unfit|archive-date=2002-06-22|chapter=Chapter 27: Horsewhip Amirthalingham}}</ref> In 1982 A Sri Lankan court sentenced Maheswaran, in absentia, to 15 years rigorous imprisonment for the attempted murder.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Uma Maheswaran Sentenced to 15 Years|journal=[[Tamil Times]]|date=June 1982|volume=I|issue=9|page=3|url=http://noolaham.net/project/32/3106/3106.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Sambandan|first1=V. S.|title=LTTE chief faces arrest?|url=http://www.thehindujobs.com/thehindu/2002/11/14/stories/2002111402111200.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=14 November 2002}}</ref>
Maheswaran joined the militant [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]] (LTTE) in 1977. The LTTE gave him the [[nom de guerre]] Mukundan. He was chairman of the LTTE's central committee from 1977 to 1980. He received military training in [[Lebanon]] and [[Syria]]. Maheswaran and LTTE leader [[V. Prabhakaran]] were blamed for the shooting of MP [[M. Canagaratnam]] on 24 January 1978. In 1982 A Sri Lankan court sentenced Maheswaran, in absentia, to 15 years rigorous imprisonment for the attempted murder.


Maheswaran fell out with Prabhakaran and left the organisation in 1980.<ref name=TSI260212>{{cite news|last=Asokan|first=N.|title=The Failed Coup|url=http://www.thesundayindian.com/en/story/the-failed-coup/24/30112/|newspaper=The Sunday Indian|date=26 February 2012}}</ref>
Maheswaran fell out with Prabhakaran and left the organisation in 1980.


==PLOTE==
==PLOTE==
After leaving the LTTE, Maheswaran founded his own militant group, the [[People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam]] (PLOTE).<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Jeyaraj|first1=D. B. S.|authorlink1=|title=How strong are the "boys"?|journal=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]|date=5 April 1985|volume=2|url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2701/stories/19850405080.htm}}</ref>
After leaving the LTTE, Maheswaran founded his own militant group, the [[People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam]] (PLOTE)


On the night of 19 May 1982, Maheswaran and fellow PLOTE members Jotheeswaran and Sivaneswaran (Nirnajan) were involved in a [[shootout]] with Prabhakaran and Raghavan (Sivakumar) of the LTTE at the Pondy bazaar in Thiyagarayanagar, [[Madras]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite journal|title="Tigers" Shoot It Out in Streets of S. India|journal=[[Tamil Times]]|date=May 1982|volume=I|issue=8|page=1|url=http://noolaham.net/project/32/3105/3105.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Senadhira|first1=Sugeeswara|title=Nine lives of Tiger Supremo|url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/100516/Plus/plus_23.html|work=[[The Sunday Times (Sri Lanka)|The Sunday Times]]|date=16 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Rajasingham|first1=K. T.|title=LTTE use of donor funds for arms will not be tolerated — Chandrahasan|url=http://origin.island.lk/2002/12/24/news01.html|work=[[The Island (Sri Lanka)|The Island]]|date=24 December 2002}}</ref> Jotheeswaran was injured and hospitalised but Maheswaran and Sivaneswaran escaped.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Subramani|first1=A.|title=Case against Prabhakaran closed 3 years after his death|url=http://www.ceylontoday.lk/51-17873-news-detail-case-against-prabhakaran-closed-3-years-after-his-death.html|work=[[Ceylon Today]]|date=25 November 2012}}</ref> Maheswaran was arrested near [[Gummidipoondi]] railway station on 25 May 1982 after a shoot out with the police but was later released on [[bail]].<ref>{{cite news|title=1982 shooting: case against LTTE leader Prabhakaran dropped|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/1982-shooting-case-against-ltte-leader-prabhakaran-dropped/article4127582.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=24 November 2012}}</ref> Maheswaran and the PLOTE would continue to carry out bank robberies and kidnappings to finance their activities.<ref name=Wilson/>
On the night of 19 May 1982, Maheswaran and fellow PLOTE members Jotheeswaran and Sivaneswaran (Nirnajan) were involved in a [[shootout]] with Prabhakaran and Raghavan (Sivakumar) of the LTTE at the Pondy bazaar in Thiyagarayanagar, [[Madras]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite journal|title="Tigers" Shoot It Out in Streets of S. India|journal=[[Tamil Times]]|date=May 1982|volume=I|issue=8|page=1|url=http://noolaham.net/project/32/3105/3105.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Senadhira|first1=Sugeeswara|title=Nine lives of Tiger Supremo|url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/100516/Plus/plus_23.html|work=[[The Sunday Times (Sri Lanka)|The Sunday Times]]|date=16 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Rajasingham|first1=K. T.|title=LTTE use of donor funds for arms will not be tolerated — Chandrahasan|url=http://origin.island.lk/2002/12/24/news01.html|work=[[The Island (Sri Lanka)|The Island]]|date=24 December 2002}}</ref> Jotheeswaran was injured and hospitalised but Maheswaran and Sivaneswaran escaped.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Subramani|first1=A.|title=Case against Prabhakaran closed 3 years after his death|url=http://www.ceylontoday.lk/51-17873-news-detail-case-against-prabhakaran-closed-3-years-after-his-death.html|work=[[Ceylon Today]]|date=25 November 2012}}</ref> Maheswaran was arrested near [[Gummidipoondi]] railway station on 25 May 1982 after a shoot out with the police but was later released on [[bail]].<ref>{{cite news|title=1982 shooting: case against LTTE leader Prabhakaran dropped|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/1982-shooting-case-against-ltte-leader-prabhakaran-dropped/article4127582.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=24 November 2012}}</ref> Maheswaran and the PLOTE would continue to carry out bank robberies and kidnappings to finance their activities.<ref name=Wilson/>
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Maheswaran's actions eventually led to divisions within the PLOTE, resulting in a number of defections and splinter groups to be formed, including the [[Eelam National Democratic Liberation Front]] (ENDLF). Maheswaran was known to deal with [[dissent]] very harshly, and is alleged to have carried out 38 murders.<ref name=Wilson/>
Maheswaran's actions eventually led to divisions within the PLOTE, resulting in a number of defections and splinter groups to be formed, including the [[Eelam National Democratic Liberation Front]] (ENDLF). Maheswaran was known to deal with [[dissent]] very harshly, and is alleged to have carried out 38 murders.<ref name=Wilson/>


Maheswaran was involved in the failed [[1988 Maldives Coup]].<ref name=TSI260212/> On 16 July 1989, Maheswaran was abducted by six men in [[Colombo]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Uma Maheswaran Murdered|journal=[[Tamil Times]]| date=July 1989 |volume=VIII|issue=8|page=4|url=http://noolaham.net/project/34/3324/3324.pdf|issn=0266-4488}}</ref> His bullet ridden body was later found at Frankfurt Place, [[Bambalapitiya]], near the Maldivian High Commission.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ferdinando|first=Shamindra|title=Premadasa's plan goes awry as JVP opens up new front|url=http://www.island.lk/index.php?page_cat=article-details&page=article-details&code_title=71837|newspaper=[[The Island (Sri Lanka)|The Island]]|date=3 February 2013}}</ref> The ENDLF, an Indian-backed offshoot of PLOTE, claimed responsibility for the [[List of assassinations of the Sri Lankan Civil War|assassination]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Rajasingham|first=K. T.|title=Sri Lanka: The Untold Story|url=http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DD20Df03.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020427122344/http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DD20Df03.html|url-status=unfit|archive-date=2002-04-27|chapter=Chapter 36: Indians rule the roost}}</ref> however some sources blamed the assassination on dissenting members of the PLOTE itself.<ref>{{cite news|last=Jeyaraj|first=D. B. S.|title=From gun to pen - II|url=http://www.thesundayleader.lk/archive/20050515/focus.htm|newspaper=[[The Sunday Leader]]|date=15 May 2005|authorlink=}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Rajasingham|first=K. T.|title=Sri Lanka: The Untold Story|url=http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DE11Df02.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020515215711/http://atimes.com/ind-pak/DE11Df02.html|url-status=unfit|archive-date=2002-05-15|chapter=Chapter 39: Amirthalingham eliminated}}</ref>
Maheswaran was involved in the failed [[1988 Maldives Coup]].<ref name=TSI260212/> On 16 July 1989, Maheswaran was abducted by six men in [[Colombo]]. His bullet ridden body was later found at Frankfurt Place, [[Bambalapitiya]], near the Maldivian High Commission. The ENDLF, an Indian-backed offshoot of PLOTE, claimed responsibility for the [[List of assassinations of the Sri Lankan Civil War|assassination]], however some sources blamed the assassination on dissenting members of the PLOTE itself.
   
   
==References==
==References==
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