குளச்சல்: திருத்தங்களுக்கு இடையிலான வேறுபாடு
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உள்ளடக்கம் நீக்கப்பட்டது உள்ளடக்கம் சேர்க்கப்பட்டது
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imported>Vinodh.vinodh சி SundarBotஆல் செய்யப்பட்ட கடைசித் தொகுப்புக்கு முன்நிலையாக்கப்பட்டது |
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| வரிசை 33: | வரிசை 33: | ||
[[new:कोलाचल]] |
[[new:कोलाचल]] |
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[[pt:Kolachal]] |
[[pt:Kolachal]] |
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Battle of Kolachal |
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Main article: Battle of Colachel |
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This place was the scene of the battle between the Travancore (Anglicised form of Thiruvithaamkoor) forces led by King Marthanda Varma (1729–1758) and the Dutch East India Company forces led by Admiral Eustatius De Lennoy on August 10, 1741. It was the first time in Indian history that an Indian kingdom defeated a European naval force.[1] |
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The Dutch marines landed in Colachael with artillery and captured the land up to Padmanabhapuram, the then capital of Travancore. The arrival of Marthanda Varma's Nairs (the warriors) from the north forced the Dutch to take up defensive positions in Colachel, where they were attacked and defeated by the Travancore forces. Twenty-eight high level Dutch officers, including Admiral D'lennoy, were captured. The defeat of the Dutch in Colachael was the turning point of the Travancore-Dutch War. D'lennoy went on to serve Marthanda Varma for the next two decades and was promoted to the post of the Valiya kappithan (Senior Admiral) of the Travancore forces same status like a Nair lord. He modernised the Travancore army, and built the Nedumkotta, a line of fortifications in the north of the kingdom, which held up the army of Tipu Sultan in 1791, during his ill-fated invasion of Travancore. D'lennoy is buried in the Udayagiri Fort, also known as Dillanai kotta (D'lennoy's fort) which is located 7 kilometres north of Padmanabhapuram (about 14 kilometres from Nagercoil). |
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The Indian government has built a pillar of victory in Colachel to commemorate the event. Colachel is currently in the Kanya Kumari District of the Tamil Nadu State of India, and is an important port on the west coast of that state. |
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[edit] Places of Interest |
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This small coastal town is near to the route from Thiruvananthapuram to Kanyakumari on National Highway 47 in present day state of Tamil Nadu's Kanyakumari district in India. It is situated very close to Mahendragiri, where the Indian Space Research Organisation's rocket testing facility is located. Efforts are being made by the port advisory committee for the construction of a ship yard and for the development of a natural harbor at Colachel. Colachel beach is a local tourist attraction. Other places of attraction near colachel include Padmanabhapuram palace and Pechupparai dam. |
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[edit] Folk Arts |
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There are several Folk Arts practiced in temples for Sastha (ayyanar), Sudalaimadan and Isakkiamman. Villupattu is especially for Sastha temples and Kaniankoothu is practiced for Sudalaimadan. Grand Tamil poetess Avvaiyar temples are found along with Isakki amman temples and worship of teachings of Avvaiyar can be observed |
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Many Folk arts and dances are popular in this district. They are played during the time of festivals in temples, celebrations in schools etc. |
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Bow Song (Villu Paatu) is an ancient form of musical - story - telling art of southern Tamil Nadu. Villu Paatu has been especially popular in Thovalai and neighbouring areas of the district. |
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Bow, the age-old weapon of warriors - paradoxically lends itself to be used as a primary musical instrument for the Villu Pattu artists. There are Udukku , Kudam, Thala, Kattai, etc. as supplementary instruments in their performances. Udukku, mentioned in the ancient Tamil literature as Thudi, is a small drum with a slender middle portion which is held in the left hand and played by the fingers of the right hand . Occasionally, the Villu Pattu team divides itself into two groups, each trying to prove opposite points-of-view of a subject. This is called Lavani Pattu. The songs used by the Villu Pattu artists are mostly traditional folk-songs. |
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Thiruvathirai Kali occupies the pride of place among the folk dances. It resembles Kummi and is played especially during Onam festival. The players are young girls. The necessary number of girls is 8,10,12 or 16 for each dance. They move round and sing in chorus. Each girl strikes the stick (Kole) which she holds in each hand, and the striking of the sticks and the steps , which she makes are rhythmical to the tune. |
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Kalial is a folk dance played by group of men or boys in the country side. A group leader sings songs and keeps time with cymbals. The players stand in a circle with sticks in their hand and dance round a lighted lamp repeating the songs sung by the leader. They turn, twist, lean forward and backward, squat and move round singing to the tune. At the beginning the steps are elaborate and at times, they are also very quick . When invited to perform in a function, the players generally begin the dance with an invocation for heavenly aid and conclude the dance with a torch - dance using lighted torches. This folk dance exhibits the artistic and recreative life of the country side. |
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Kathakali is a unique form of drama, which has its origin in Travancore. Kathakali (story-dance) is a relatively recent (fifteenth or sixteenth century) development of earlier dances, which, like dances every where, arose out of religious expression through symbolical action. In this art-form, the characters express their ideas not by words, but by significant gestures. In Kanyakumari District, it is now played in the temples at Thiruvattar, Thirparappu, Ponmana, Kuzhithurai, Neyyoor and Munchira during the time of festivals. |
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Ottam Thullal is a form of story telling. It is a popular for of amusement, staged in the temple premises and Malayalam is the language commonly used. Ottam Thullal is now played in the temples of Thiruvaattar, Thirparappu, Ponmana and Thirunanthikara in the district during the time of festivals. |
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Kalari, also known as Adimurai in Kanyakumari district, is an ancient martial art, still preserved in the villages of the district, and also in Kerala. A tradition believed to have been founded by Parasurama is known as Vadakkan Kalari ; another is credited to Agasthiar in which the emphasis is on striking at vital points of the body and not on weapons, even through sword, knife, Urumi (rolling sword), Mankombu (horns of a deer), Kandakkodali, (a kind of axe), mazhu (a kind of axe) etc., are also used. |
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From Wikipedia,English |
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Battle of Colachel |
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
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Jump to: navigation, search |
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Battle of Colachel |
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Part of Travancore-Dutch War |
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Eustachius De Lannoy's Surrender at the Battle of Colachel |
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Date August 10, 1741 |
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Location Kolachel, India |
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Result Victory for Kingdom of Travancore |
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Belligerents |
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Kingdom of Travancore Dutch East India Company |
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Commanders |
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Marthanda Varma, Ramayyan Dalawa Eustachius De Lannoy |
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Strength |
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? ? |
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Casualties and losses |
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? ? |
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The Battle of Colachel (or Battle of Kulachal) was a battle that took place on 10 August 1741 (31 July OS) [1]during the Travancore-Dutch War, when forces of Marthanda Varma, the king or Raja of the Indian state of Travancore (also known as Tiruvitamkur) defeated forces of the Dutch East India Company (also known as the VOC), and the allied Rani of Eleyadathu Swarupam at Kulachal (anglicised to Colachel or Kolachel) in India. This is considered the first example of an organised Asian power defeating a European naval power. Previous attempts on the West coast of India by native sailors like Kunjali Marakkar in the early 16th century, and by Kanhoji Angre in the early 18th century were on a smaller scale and more guerrilla in nature. The Raja's success is attributed to the tactical genius of his prime minister, Ramayyan Dalawa.This battle is important because it marked the decline of Dutch influence over India, assisting the British East India Company's rise and eventual British rule. |
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Contents [hide] |
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1 Background |
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2 The Battle |
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3 Impact |
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4 Tributes |
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5 References |
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6 Additional reading |
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7 External links |
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[edit] Background |
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Almost all the pepper that the Dutch imported into their country came from the Great kingdom of Kayamkulam. When the then Maharajah of Travancore, Marthanda Varma, realised that the Rajah of Kayamkulam was involved in certain conspiracies against him, he became bent on destroying Kayamkulam and annexing the kingdom. This endangered Dutch interests and Marthanda Varma, who feared the British would give the rights of pepper trade to them, ending the Dutch monopoly. With this in view the Dutch Governor wrote of Marthanda Varma asking him to end aggressions against Kayamkulam to which the Maharajah wrote back asking him not to interfere in matters that didnot concern him. The Governor then met the Maharajah in person and threatened war on the basis that they were a "superior" power. The interview was closed by a scornful remark from the Maharajah that if the "superior" power should attack them "there were forests in Travancore into which he and his people could retire in safety" and that he had himself been planning to invade Europe with his fishermen. This last interview ended, thus, in tension and the Governor decided to attack Travancore. |
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[edit] The Battle |
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The battle began when a force of Dutch marines under the leadership of a Flemish commander, Captain Eustachius De Lannoy (also spelt D'lennoy) were sent to Travancore to secure a trading post from the Raja. They landed with artillery in Kulachal, then a small but important coastal town, and captured the territory up to Padmanabhapuram, the then-capital of Travancore. The arrival of the Raja's army from the north forced the Dutch to take up defensive positions in Kulachal, where they were attacked and defeated by the Travancore Nair forces. The key element of the Raja's army was his personal army, known as the Travancore Nair Brigade or locally known as the Nair Pattalam. This unit was later integrated into the Indian Army as the 9th Battalion of the Madras Regiment in 1954, and it recently celebrated its tercentenary. |
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Some twenty eight Dutch soldiers were taken prisoner. After the defeat, the commander joined the Raja's army in return for his life being spared, and served in it for over two decades. |
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A pillar of victory which gives details about the war still stands near the coast of Colachel. There are some folk tales among the local Mukkuvar people about this war. The tale says among other things that the local Mukkuvar fishermen were asked to stand along the beach in multiple rows with their oars kept along the shoulders so that it would appear like soldiers standing with their guns. This might have been a trick meant to create a psychological fear for the Dutch navy. The local fishermen,cooperated very much with the Raja's Nairs during this war. |
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[edit] Impact |
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A direct outcome of the event at Kulachal was the takeover of the black pepper trade by the state of Travancore. This development was to have serious repercussions on the Dutch and the trading world of Kerala at large. In 1753 the Dutch signed the Treaty of Mavelikkara with the Raja agreeing not to obstruct the Raja's expansion, and in turn, to sell to him arms and ammunition. This marked the beginning of the end of Dutch influence in India. The VOC continued to sell Indonesian spices and sugar in Kerala until 1795, at which time the English conquest of the Kingdom of Kochi ended their rule in India. |
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Capitan De Lannoy, who joined his service, was promoted to the Senior Admiral (Valiya Kappithan), and modernised the Travancore army by introducing firearms and artillery. |
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[edit] Tributes |
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The Indian government has built a pillar of victory in Kulachal to commemorate the event. |
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The Indian Post Department released a Rupee 5 stamp on April 1, 2004 to commemorate the tercentenary (300th anniversary) of the raising of the 9th Battalion of Madras Regiment. |
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Please convert all colachel details in tamil |
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15:47, 10 மார்ச்சு 2008 இல் நிலவும் திருத்தம்
| கொளச்சல் | |
| அமைவிடம் | |
| நாடு |  இந்தியா
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| மாநிலம் | தமிழ்நாடு |
| மாவட்டம் | கன்னியாகுமரி |
| ஆளுநர் | [1] |
| முதலமைச்சர் | [2] |
| மாவட்ட ஆட்சியர் | |
| மக்கள் தொகை | 23,535 (2001[update]) |
| நேர வலயம் | இந்திய சீர் நேரம் (ஒ.ச.நே + 05:30) |
கொளச்சல் (ஆங்கிலம்:Kolachal), இந்தியாவின் தமிழ்நாடு மாநிலத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள கன்னியாகுமரி மாவட்டத்தில் இருக்கும் ஒரு நகராட்சி ஆகும்.
மக்கள் வகைப்பாடு
இந்திய 2001 மக்கள் தொகை கணக்கெடுப்பின்படி 23,535 மக்கள் இங்கு வசிக்கின்றார்கள்.[3] இவர்களில் 51% ஆண்கள், 49% பெண்கள் ஆவார்கள். கொளச்சல் மக்களின் சராசரி கல்வியறிவு 76% ஆகும், இதில் ஆண்களின் கல்வியறிவு 78%, பெண்களின் கல்வியறிவு 75% ஆகும். இது இந்திய தேசிய சராசரி கல்வியறிவான 59.5% விட கூடியதே. கொளச்சல் மக்கள் தொகையில் 11% ஆறு வயதுக்குட்பட்டோர் ஆவார்கள்.
ஆதாரங்கள்
- ↑ "தமிழக ஆளுநர் பற்றிய குறிப்பு". tn.gov.in. தமிழ்நாடு அரசு. 2015. Retrieved நவம்பர் 3, 2015.
- ↑ "தமிழக முதலமைச்சர் பற்றிய குறிப்பு". tn.gov.in. தமிழ்நாடு அரசு. Retrieved நவம்பர் 3, 2015.
- ↑ "2001-ம் ஆண்டிற்கான இந்திய மக்கள்தொகைக் கணக்கெடுப்பு அறிக்கை". Retrieved ஜனவரி 30.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help); Unknown parameter|accessyear=ignored (help)
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தமிழ்நாடு தொடர்புடைய இந்த குறுங்கட்டுரையை தொகுத்து விரிவாக்குவதன் மூலம் நீங்களும் இதன் வளர்ச்சியில் பங்களிக்கலாம். |